Electric telegraphy.



Giovy' "1% m u, cmxstzmt r nbe having; c; bie Elin@ Y vaines @he dialnet? mupsse or aoys. as "eureka or sheets los ag conne@ ds thema. um@ side @if hs phi-3 maye mpm' thereof sf {Lin-- @quema fue and Shr- Dec. '7,

o keep the 1g oondltion. Te ,augment and api the artificial the attel', esf2 submarine cable, is s'mjgacted only ,Whie'vthe subjected to Gf Variation efmdjustinconven- The form of fsf the o 0.13 fe, .strip or E @r sloy The mfijustd so that mii@ tgihere- 'fi 'i'he commet-ion Thus by varying the area of the tinfoil sections and the sectional area of the strip or ribbon of theaforesaid metal or alloy to which they are connected both the resistance and capacity may be adjusted to correspond with the resistance and capacity of any actual cable the artificial line is intended to imitate or represent.

The strip and sheet above referred to are separated from the earth dplate by a dielectric, preferably parafline paper, and the line is built up by joining together, with the aid of solder, successive strips the strip thus constituting the conductor. The strip is therefore for the purpose of obtaining the best results inade as long as possible-without oint. The strip conductor may be doubled acl( upon itselflwith the dielectric between the layers, and the earth plates, which, in practice need not be laced behind the metal strip conductor itself? are all joined together by -their lugs to form a complete plate representing t e earth or sea water. The strip conductor may be in a continuous' length, the extremities beinev brought out to connect to the next 0r another plate or element similarly constructed, and so on, until t the required number is provided. By constructing the artificial cable or line according to the improved method, the distribution of the capacity and resistance is enabled to be accomplished in a very satisfactory manner, tne sub-division of the capacity being insensibly small; the strip conductor is moreover embedded in the mass of the plate and forms an integral part thereof, the ends only of the strip or connecting Wires being not so embedded.

In order that the said invention may be clearly understood and readily carried into etl'ect, l will proceed to describe the same more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which z-- Figure l represents a form of conductor whereof the strip of metal of negligible or nearly negligible coellicient is attachedl to a lug formed or provided on a tin-foil sheet. Fig. 2 represents a form of capacity or earth plate showing a lug at one end and, in dotted lines an alternative arrangement by which the lug may be disposed at the bottom of the plate or sheet of tin-foil. Fig. 3 is a view illustrating a modified form of conductor; the ligure also illustrating. in (lot.amldash lines, a capacity or earth plate having a lug atone end for etl'ectiug the connection with a similar adjacent plate by mean.`l of the lug and in simple dotted lines the outline of the dielectric.

Fig. 4 illustrates the improved method of assembling the aforcsaid sheets and conducting strip in toi-ming a complete element ol' the artificial line. Fig..3 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the, Inode of applying the improved art itir-ial lin:` in practiceA Referring to Figs. 1, 2 and 3; the corlductora, formed as a Wire, strip or ribbon cornposed of the metal or alloy having negligible temperature co-eiicient, such as manganin, for example, is attached at a by sol( ering or the like to the lug a? pertaining to the sheet or plate a3 of tinfoil. In order to secure better and more uniform distribution of the capacity, the aforesaid plate oi' sheet a3 may be subdivided, 'as shown by way of example in Fig. 3, in which figure three sections a are depicted, each section a being formedlwith a lug a2 for the attachment of the strip 0r Wire @,by Soldering or other means,as shown at a. Z1, shown in dot-aiul-dasli lilies in Fig. 3, is a tinfoil plate which is formed or provided with a lug L for enabling successive plates to be connected together so as to form the complete earth plate for a section of say one inierofarad or more than one microfarad as may be required. The lug b is shown projecting from one of the shorter sides or ends of the plate, but the lug may be arranged to project from ene of the longer sides or the bottom ol the platf` as indicated in dotted lines at 7). Or the lug may be otherwise arranged as may be found convenient or desirable. T he dielectric c which may be composed of sheets of paralined paper is indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 3. a is the conducting Wire .which is connected with the strip t by soldering at points, such as a, so that the junction is effected well within the arca of the sheets of. dielectric. By subdividing the capacity in the manner shown in Fig. 3 the distribution of the charge is rendered more uniform. For example assuming the conductor a to equal a unit length ofstrip having one ohm resistance, a current traversing the aforesaid conductor,` successively charfes the divisions a3 (Fig. 3) at the severtl` points o in that figure, whereas in an arrangement of single section sheet, such as shown in Fig. l, the single integral sheet (dis charged only at one point o. The dielectric is lof such di mensions as to comprehend or contain within its aiea or mass the capacity or earth plate and the conductor or resistance, only the conducting wires a* and the lug of the earth plate 7 protruding from or extending,r beyond the boundary of the said dielectric.

`In order to enable the assembling of the parts of an artificial line according to the improved method to be clearly umleistood, rel'erence will now be made to Fig. 4. lrotectiiug sheets ol dielectric l are first laid. and on these sheets an earth plate lll is placed which is covered by one or more sheets ot dielectric 2"; on the latter is arranged the conductor strip lIll connected with the tinfoil plate or subdivided plates l" as described; a sheet or sheets of dielectric 3" is or are then adde followed by a second earth llO ' atacan plate 2b and then a further sheet or sheets of dielectric 4U; then another conductor stripV 2 and a sheet of dielectric The arrangement is repeated, as will be seen from the ligure under description, until the required vplate" or t section of artificial cable or line is obtained, a sutlicient number of the plates or sections beii'ig'associated in the required manner to constitute the artificial line. it will be 'seen that the conductor strip is continuous and that the same is passed from one resistance plate to another preferably in a continuous manner so that, when the element is completed. only the conducting wires (di) extend from the element; the lugs pertaining to the earth plates heilig immediately superimposed are connected together by solder and taken to earth as will be readily understood.

The dielectric may be notched as shown at c (Figjl) so as to permit of the strip being continuous and still be embedded therein. The improved form of the l rtiticial cable or line having the aforesaid metal or alloy of strip. wire or ribbon form constituting part of. the conductor and having` negligible temperature coetlicient together with the tinfoil extension sheet or sheets all embedded in the dielectric is essential to the ara-emplishment ofthe objects aimed at and offers additional facilities for the even distribution of the capacity' and resistance so that thtl electrical properties of the vactual p cable to be duplexed may be accurately represented in the artificial line.

The strip of alloy before being` used may be annealed and protected by a varnish such as shellac varnish or other suitable preparation; or the stri may be tinned before the laying o1' assembling of the plates is cornmenced. .The conductor strip may be shunted by a suitable plain wire resistance for adjustment purposes; such resistance may or may not be embedded in the plate found desirable.

Referring to Fig. a is the Wire, strip or ribbon hereinhefore described and l) the earth plate, both if desired being earthed as indicated at, E E" respectively. A is the cable and B the sending or transmitting instrument. C C are the arms of the bridge, l) D being the condensers in the respective arms. Across thc said arms the receiving condenser l? is arranged in series with the receiving instrument G. The arrangement is that ordinarilyadopted andwill therefore be readily understood without further description.

lVhat I'claim and desire to secure by Letters latent of the United Statesl is l. ln a duplexsystem of teleglfraphy, an artificial line Consisting of earth plat in- .ducing elements, a resistant elen'ient directiiv connected with said inducing elements, and dielectric arranged in operative relation to the aforesaid resistant and inducing elcmentsand to the earth plates.

2. ln a duplex system of telegraphy, an artificial line consisting of earth plates, i11- ducing elements, a conducting element of resistant material having negligible temperattire coetl'icient which is directly connected with said inducingr elements and dielectric interposed between the successive lengths of said resistant element.

3. In a duplex system of telegraphy, an artilicial line comprising earth v latesyinducing sheets, dielectric arranged) in operative relation to said earth plates and inducing sheets, a conducting strip ofnegligible temperature coeilicient 'directl connected to said inducing sheets and having the successive lengths arranged on opposite sides of the dielectric. '.v l

4. In a duplex system of telegraphy, an artificial line comprising earth plates,y a conductor formed as a strip composed of metal having negligible or nearly negligible Vtemperature coetticient, an extension or extensions of tinfoil or similar metal attached to the said strip, and dielectric interposed between successive lengths of said strip.

5. In. En duple system of telegraphy, an

artificial line comprising earth plates-ia con-- dut-tor formed as a wire composed of nietal having negligible temperature coefficient. an extension orextensions of tinfoil attached to the said wire, and dielectric interposed between successive lengths of said wire. l

o. ln a duplex systeinof telegraphy, an artificial line, comprising earth plates, 4a conductor formed as a ribon composed- 'of/ metal having negligible temperature c0- emcient and'an extension orextensions of tinfoil attached; to the said ribbon, and -di` electric interposed bet-Ween successive'lengths of said ribon.

T. In an artificial cable or line, the combination of a conductor in strip form having negligible temperature coefficient a series of inducing sheets attached thereto. earth plates and dielectric arranged between said conducting and inducing sheets and the earth plates. v 8. In an artificial line, the combination ot a conducting strip, a series of adjustable eX- tensions thereon7 earth plates, and-dielectric arranged in operative relation to said parts.

'In testimony whereof I atx my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOSEPH ARTHUR LOVEL bRliOVE.

iVitnesses T. SELLY VVABDLE, lVm'frnn J. SKERTEN. 

